jobbrief · markets

US labor markets

How pay shifts by location, relative to the US average — across all job families and levels. Based on the observed BLS OEWS 2024 area cost-of-labor index.

States (51)

Metro areas (393)

Abilene, TX-15%Aguadilla, PR-53%Akron, OH-4%Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY+14%Albany, GA-18%Albany, OR-3%Albuquerque, NM-5%Alexandria, LA-20%Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ-3%Altoona, PA-13%Amarillo, TX-15%Ames, IA-1%Amherst Town-Northampton, MA+15%Anchorage, AK+19%Ann Arbor, MI+5%Anniston-Oxford, AL-20%Appleton, WI-2%Arecibo, PR-53%Asheville, NC-9%Athens-Clarke County, GA-21%Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA+1%Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ-6%Auburn-Opelika, AL-23%Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC-11%Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX+6%Bakersfield-Delano, CA-5%Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD+16%Bangor, ME-5%Barnstable Town, MA+8%Baton Rouge, LA-3%Battle Creek, MI-3%Bay City, MI-15%Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX-6%Beckley, WV-22%Bellingham, WA+11%Bend, OR+2%Billings, MT-4%Binghamton, NY-2%Birmingham, AL-6%Bismarck, ND+1%Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA-4%Bloomington, IL+4%Bloomington, IN-6%Boise City, ID-4%Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH+31%Boulder, CO+36%Bowling Green, KY-12%Bozeman, MT+1%Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA+23%Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT+22%Brownsville-Harlingen, TX-29%Brunswick-St. Simons, GA-19%Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY+1%Burlington-South Burlington, VT+17%Burlington, NC-17%Canton-Massillon, OH-10%Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL-9%Cape Girardeau, MO-IL-15%Carson City, NV+5%Casper, WY-4%Cedar Rapids, IA-2%Chambersburg, PA-6%Champaign-Urbana, IL-2%Charleston-North Charleston, SC-4%Charleston, WV-9%Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC-1%Charlottesville, VA+5%Chattanooga, TN-GA-8%Cheyenne, WY+1%Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN+4%Chico, CA-4%Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN-2%Clarksville, TN-KY-13%Cleveland, OH-1%Cleveland, TN-20%Coeur d'Alene, ID-7%College Station-Bryan, TX-13%Colorado Springs, CO+4%Columbia, MO-8%Columbia, SC-8%Columbus, GA-AL-18%Columbus, IN-6%Columbus, OH≈ US avg Corpus Christi, TX-12%Corvallis, OR+10%Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL-7%Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX≈ US avg Dalton, GA-18%Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL-24%Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL-4%Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH-2%Decatur, AL-10%Decatur, IL≈ US avg Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL-16%Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO+23%Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA+2%Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI+3%Dothan, AL-26%Dover, DE-9%Dubuque, IA-3%Duluth, MN-WI-2%Durham-Chapel Hill, NC+21%Eagle Pass, TX-32%Eau Claire, WI-4%El Centro, CA-10%El Paso, TX-23%Elizabethtown, KY-9%Elkhart-Goshen, IN-5%Elmira, NY-5%Enid, OK-22%Erie, PA-12%Eugene-Springfield, OR-3%Evansville, IN-9%Fairbanks-College, AK+19%Fargo, ND-MN≈ US avg Farmington, NM-12%Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-9%Fayetteville, NC-10%Flagstaff, AZ-7%Flint, MI-9%Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL-22%Florence, SC-19%Fond du Lac, WI≈ US avg Fort Collins-Loveland, CO+8%Fort Smith, AR-OK-23%Fort Wayne, IN-6%Fresno, CA-7%Gadsden, AL-29%Gainesville, FL-5%Gainesville, GA-11%Gettysburg, PA-9%Glens Falls, NY-2%Goldsboro, NC-22%Grand Forks, ND-MN-2%Grand Island, NE-2%Grand Junction, CO-5%Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI-4%Grants Pass, OR-1%Great Falls, MT-10%Greeley, CO+5%Green Bay, WI-2%Greensboro-High Point, NC-9%Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC-9%Greenville, NC-9%Guayama, PR-53%Gulfport-Biloxi, MS-16%Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV-7%Hammond, LA-25%Hanford-Corcoran, CA-3%Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA-2%Harrisonburg, VA-8%Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT+20%Hattiesburg, MS-27%Helena, MT≈ US avg Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC-13%Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal, SC-19%Hinesville, GA-7%Homosassa Springs, FL-22%Hot Springs, AR-27%Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA-11%Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX-2%Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH-14%Huntsville, AL+2%Idaho Falls, ID-9%Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN-3%Iowa City, IA≈ US avg Ithaca, NY+14%Jackson, MI-6%Jackson, MS-15%Jackson, TN-13%Jacksonville, FL-5%Jacksonville, NC-24%Janesville-Beloit, WI-4%Jefferson City, MO-8%Johnson City, TN-17%Johnstown, PA-15%Jonesboro, AR-19%Joplin, MO-KS-12%Kahului-Wailuku, HI+11%Kalamazoo-Portage, MI-4%Kankakee, IL-9%Kansas City, MO-KS≈ US avg Kennewick-Richland, WA+12%Kenosha, WI-4%Killeen-Temple, TX-10%Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA-12%Kingston, NY-1%Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY≈ US avg Knoxville, TN-8%Kokomo, IN-4%La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN-3%Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN-5%Lafayette, LA-20%Lake Charles, LA-9%Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ-15%Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL-10%Lancaster, PA-5%Lansing-East Lansing, MI+2%Laredo, TX-26%Las Cruces, NM-22%Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV-9%Lawrence, KS-9%Lawton, OK-19%Lebanon, PA-7%Lewiston-Auburn, ME-3%Lewiston, ID-WA-4%Lexington Park, MD+27%Lexington-Fayette, KY-4%Lima, OH-6%Lincoln, NE-1%Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR-10%Logan, UT-ID-10%Longview-Kelso, WA+9%Longview, TX-14%Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA+8%Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN-4%Lubbock, TX-20%Lynchburg, VA-8%Macon-Bibb County, GA-12%Madison, WI+10%Manchester-Nashua, NH+10%Manhattan, KS-10%Mankato, MN-3%Mansfield, OH-12%Mayaguez, PR-54%McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX-30%Medford, OR-2%Memphis, TN-MS-AR-8%Merced, CA-7%Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL-3%Michigan City-La Porte, IN-11%Midland, MI+2%Midland, TX+6%Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI≈ US avg Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI+16%Minot, ND-3%Missoula, MT-6%Mobile, AL-10%Modesto, CA≈ US avg Monroe, LA-25%Monroe, MI-7%Montgomery, AL-14%Morgantown, WV-7%Morristown, TN-19%Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA+16%Muncie, IN-13%Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI-13%Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-26%Napa, CA+7%Naples-Marco Island, FL-6%Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN-1%New Haven, CT+16%New Orleans-Metairie, LA-7%New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ+22%Niles, MI-9%North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL-7%Norwich-New London-Willimantic, CT+10%Ocala, FL-15%Odessa, TX-4%Ogden, UT-4%Oklahoma City, OK-7%Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA+22%Omaha, NE-IA-2%Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL-8%Oshkosh-Neenah, WI+2%Owensboro, KY-14%Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA+1%Paducah, KY-IL-11%Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL-4%Panama City-Panama City Beach, FL-13%Parkersburg-Vienna, WV-20%Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL-9%Peoria, IL-3%Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD+5%Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ+1%Pinehurst-Southern Pines, NC-17%Pittsburgh, PA-3%Pittsfield, MA+1%Pocatello, ID-13%Ponce, PR-51%Port St. Lucie, FL-9%Portland-South Portland, ME+8%Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA+19%Prescott Valley-Prescott, AZ-8%Providence-Warwick, RI-MA+4%Provo-Orem-Lehi, UT-6%Pueblo, CO-3%Punta Gorda, FL-11%Racine-Mount Pleasant, WI-4%Raleigh-Cary, NC≈ US avg Rapid City, SD-11%Reading, PA-3%Redding, CA-3%Reno, NV-1%Richmond, VA+1%Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA-3%Roanoke, VA-7%Rochester, MN+20%Rochester, NY+1%Rockford, IL-7%Rocky Mount, NC-17%Rome, GA-17%Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA+19%Saginaw, MI-8%Salem, OR+3%Salinas, CA-5%Salisbury, MD-6%Salt Lake City-Murray, UT+4%San Angelo, TX-16%San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX-7%San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA+14%San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA+49%San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA+67%San Juan-Bayamon-Caguas, PR-43%San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA+1%Sandusky, OH-11%Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA+7%Santa Fe, NM-5%Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA+1%Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA+11%Savannah, GA-7%Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA-8%Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA+36%Sebastian-Vero Beach-West Vero Corridor, FL-13%Sebring, FL-22%Sheboygan, WI≈ US avg Sherman-Denison, TX-18%Shreveport-Bossier City, LA-15%Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ-7%Sioux City, IA-NE-SD-7%Sioux Falls, SD-MN-6%Slidell-Mandeville-Covington, LA-18%South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI-7%Spartanburg, SC-7%Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA+4%Springfield, IL≈ US avg Springfield, MA≈ US avg Springfield, MO-11%Springfield, OH-10%St. Cloud, MN+1%St. George, UT-11%St. Joseph, MO-KS-6%St. Louis, MO-IL-2%State College, PA+2%Staunton-Stuarts Draft, VA-7%Stockton-Lodi, CA-1%Sumter, SC-16%Syracuse, NY+3%Tallahassee, FL-8%Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL-4%Terre Haute, IN-11%Texarkana, TX-AR-17%Toledo, OH-4%Topeka, KS-3%Traverse City, MI-6%Trenton-Princeton, NJ+26%Tucson, AZ-6%Tulsa, OK-8%Tuscaloosa, AL-8%Twin Falls, ID-11%Tyler, TX-17%Urban Honolulu, HI+10%Utica-Rome, NY-3%Valdosta, GA-23%Vallejo, CA+15%Victoria, TX-17%Vineland, NJ-4%Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC-2%Visalia, CA-10%Waco, TX-10%Walla Walla, WA+1%Warner Robins, GA-4%Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV+38%Waterbury-Shelton, CT+1%Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA-6%Watertown-Fort Drum, NY-6%Wausau, WI-3%Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH-9%Wenatchee-East Wenatchee, WA-3%Wheeling, WV-OH-15%Wichita Falls, TX-18%Wichita, KS-6%Wildwood-The Villages, FL-10%Williamsport, PA-8%Wilmington, NC-10%Winchester, VA-WV-4%Winston-Salem, NC-9%Worcester, MA+12%Yakima, WA-6%York-Hanover, PA-5%Youngstown-Warren, OH-14%Yuba City, CA-2%Yuma, AZ-14%